Breast cancer overview

Breast cancer overview, like other, cancers,

occurs, because, of an interaction, between, the environment,

and a defective, gene,

Normal, cells, divide, as many, times, as needed, and stop,

They attach, to other cells, and stay, in place, in tissues,

Cells, become, cancerous, when mutations, destroy,

their, ability, to stop, dividing,

to attach, to other, cells, and to stay, where they belong,

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Cells Divide

When, cells, divide, their, DNA,

is normally, copied, with many, mistakes,

Error-correcting, proteins, fix, those, mistakes,

The mutations, known, to cause, cancer,

such, as, p53, BRCA1, and BRCA2,

occur, in the error-correcting, mechanisms,

These, mutations, are either, inherited, or acquired,

after, birth,

they allow, the other, mutations,

which allow, uncontrolled, division,

lack, of attachment, and metastasis,(spread), to distant,

organs.

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uncontrolled division of cells

Normal, cells, will, commit, cell, suicide, (apoptosis),

when they are no, longer, needed,

Until, then, they, are protected, from (apoptosis),

by several, protein, clusters, and pathways,

One of the protective, pathways, is the PI3K/AKT, pathway;

is the RAS/MEK/ERK, pathway,

Permanently "on"

Sometimes, the genes, along these, protective, pathways,

are mutated, in a way, that turns them,

permanently "on",

rendering, the cell incapable ,of (apoptosis),

when it is no longer, needed.

This is one, of the steps, that causes, cancer,

in combination, with other, mutations,

Breast, cancer, overview, also addresses, the problem,

of awareness, about, breast, cancer, research,

Women, are becoming, more. aware, that, breast, cancer,

may be hereditary,

and are, increasingly, concerned, not, only, about their

own, risk, of developing, the disease, but also that,

of their children,

Diet and Exercise, Studies have shown that women, who exercise

are less likely, to develop, breast, cancer, than sedentary,

women,

Early, Menstruation, and Late, Menopause,

Women, who get their periods, early, (before age 12),

or went, through, menopause, late, (after age 55),

are at higher, risk,

Breast, cancer, may be invasive, or noninvasive,

Invasive, means, it has spread, from the milk duct, or lobule,

to other, tissues, in the breast,

Noninvasive, means, it has not, yet, invaded, other breast,

tissue,

Noninvasive, breast cancer, is called, "in situ." ,

Ducal, carcinoma, in situ (DCIS),

or intraocular ,carcinoma, is breast, cancer, in the lining,

of the milk ,ducts, that has not, yet, invaded, nearby tissues,

Breast cancer overview Beautiful white

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