Anal cancer

Anal cancer,

rarely, spreads, (metastasize), to distant, parts, of the body,

It forms, when a genetic, mutation, turns, normal, healthy, cells,

into, abnormal, cells,

Healthy, cells, grow, and multiply, at, a set, rate,

eventually, dying, at, a set, time,

Abnormal, cells, grow, and multiply, out, of control,

and, they, don't, die,

It, is, rare, in the general, population,, and is associated

with cancer-causing, strains, of HPV,

It develops, after, persistent HPV infection,

for which, screening, has been, studied, and assessed,

Survive cancer

9 in 10 patients, survive, this cancer,

HPV is related to HIV transmission,

Though, there, are, few, studies,

it, is, widely, thought, that, active, infection,

and certainly, the lesions, associated, with such, infection,

make, people, vulnerable, to, acquiring, HIV,

Treatment, for, anal, cancer, currently, involves,

use, of chemotherapy, and radiation, therapy, which, are, associated, with substantial, morbidity,

Screening

screening, and treatment, of AIN, can, reduce, the incidence,

of anal, Radiation, therapy, and chemotherapy,

are, likely, to cause, a decrease, in the white, blood, cell,

count, increasing, the risk, of infection,

The treatment, may, also, cause, anemia,

and low, platelet, counts,

the latter, increases, the risk,of bleeding, If cancer, is confirmed, then he or she, will, al determine, what stage, the Anal cancer, has progressed, to,

Advanced cancer

Staging, refers, to, how, far, the cancer, has, spread,

to nearby, tissues,

For, those, with suspected, cases, of advanced, anal-cancer,

more, tests, may, be, done ,to determine,

Health professionals, urge, the intention, of HIV-positive

and other high-risk, men, be screened, pro anal, cancer,

on, a regular, basis,

Radiation, therapy, is, the use, of high-energy,x-rays,

or other, particles, to kill, cancer cells,

A doctor, who specializes, in giving,radiation therapy,to treat, cancer, is called, a radiation, oncologist,

Research

Current, research,

has found, that, not only, does, HIV, infection, increase,

the risk, of HPV, infection, but, that, the converse,

is also, true, HPV enhances, susceptibility, to HIV, infection,

This occurs, because, anal, HPV, lesions, make,

the surface, tissue, of the anus,thinner, and more vulnerable,

to entry, of, the HIV, virus,

Radiation, the shrinkage, of cancerous, tumors, with energy,

waves, (e.g., x-rays), is performed, with external, radiation,

or internal, radioactive, implants, (radioisotopes),

Radiation

Internal, radiation, using,implants, (psychotherapy),

involves, placing, plastic-covered,radioactive, seeds,(pellets),

inside, the, anus, near, the cancerous, tissue, to,

shrink, tissue,

The seeds, stay, in, for the appropriate, length, of time,

End, o-anal, or endometrial, ultrasound,

Anal cancers are skin cancers,

The majority of anal cancers are squamous cell carcinoma

(in situ or epidermis)

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